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tuto:nix

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Table des matières

NIX

Documentation

Installation

$ sh <(curl https://nixos.org/nix/install)

Pour 1 utilisateur: 

$ sh <(curl https://nixos.org/nix/install) --no-daemon

Multi-utilisateurs: 

$ sh <(curl https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

Variables

NIX_PATH

NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=/home/gigix/.nix-defexpr/channels/nixpkgs


export NIX_PAGER=

Fichiers

config.nix

Fichier utilisateur: ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix

Commandes

nox

$ nix-env -i nox
$ nox emacs

nix-env

$ nix-env -qasP hello --description
$ nix-env -iA nixpkgs.hello
$ nix-env -q
$ nix-env -qc
$ nix-env -u
$ nix-env -u --dry-run
$ nix-env -e hello


$ nix-env --list-generations
$ nix-env --rollback
switching from generation 3 to 2
$ nix-env -G 3
switching from generation 2 to 3


$ nix-env --switch-profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/gigix
$ nix-env --switch-profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/default

~/.nixpkgs/config.nix
{
  packageOverrides = pkgs:
  rec {
    homeEnv = pkgs.buildEnv {
      name = "homeEnv";
      paths = [ pkgs.emacs24 pkgs.bsdgames ];
    };
    workEnv = pkgs.buildEnv {
      name = "workEnv";
      paths = [ pkgs.emacs23 pkgs.perl ];
    };
  };
}

$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/gigix/workEnv -i workEnv
$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/gigix/homeEnv -i homeEnv


$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/other-profile -i subversion


$ nix-env --delete-generations old
...
removing generation 73
removing generation 74
removing generation 75
removing generation 76

nix-build

Builder psmisc en 32 bits: 

$ nix-build -A psmisc --argstr system i686-linux


$ nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A stdenv

nix-shell

$ nix-shell --pure -E 'import <nixpkgs> {}' -A hello
$ nix-shell --pure -p hello --run hello


$ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A pan
[nix-shell]$ tar xf $src
[nix-shell]$ cd pan-*
[nix-shell]$ ./configure
[nix-shell]$ make
[nix-shell]$ ./pan/gui/pan


$ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A emacs --command 'unpackPhase; patchPhase'

Custom interpreter: 

#! /usr/bin/env nix-shell
#! nix-shell -i real-interpreter -p packages
#! /usr/bin/env nix-shell
#! nix-shell -i python -p python pythonPackages.prettytable

import prettytable

# Print a simple table.
t = prettytable.PrettyTable(["N", "N^2"])
for n in range(1, 10): t.add_row([n, n * n])
print t
#! /usr/bin/env nix-shell
#! nix-shell -i bash -p "terraform.withPlugins (plugins: [ plugins.openstack ])"

terraform apply
#! /usr/bin/env nix-shell
#! nix-shell -i runghc -p "haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (ps: [ps.HTTP ps.tagsoup])"
#! nix-shell -I nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-channels/archive/nixos-18.03.tar.gz

import Network.HTTP
import Text.HTML.TagSoup

-- Fetch nixos.org and print all hrefs.
main = do
  resp <- Network.HTTP.simpleHTTP (getRequest "http://nixos.org/")
  body <- getResponseBody resp
  let tags = filter (isTagOpenName "a") $ parseTags body
  let tags' = map (fromAttrib "href") tags
  mapM_ putStrLn $ filter (/= "") tags'

nix-channel

$ nix-channel --list
nixpkgs http://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable


$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-19.09 nixpkgs_19_09
$ nix-channel --remove nixpkgs_19_09


$ nix-channel --update

nix-store

$ nix-store -q --references `which hello`
/nix/store/1ncwrl8bplq3xhmj8pxfkx4y0i90vmnx-glibc-2.30
/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10


$ nix-store -qR `which hello`
/nix/store/mxaxvp33wg9sim8qh2kkw041v492bvxj-libunistring-0.9.10
/nix/store/hjng28vbd73qq9iz9j8r397x19aa8fp9-libidn2-2.3.0
/nix/store/1ncwrl8bplq3xhmj8pxfkx4y0i90vmnx-glibc-2.30
/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10


$ nix-store -q --tree `which hello`
/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10
+---/nix/store/1ncwrl8bplq3xhmj8pxfkx4y0i90vmnx-glibc-2.30
|   +---/nix/store/hjng28vbd73qq9iz9j8r397x19aa8fp9-libidn2-2.3.0
|   |   +---/nix/store/mxaxvp33wg9sim8qh2kkw041v492bvxj-libunistring-0.9.10
|   |   |   +---/nix/store/mxaxvp33wg9sim8qh2kkw041v492bvxj-libunistring-0.9.10 [...]
|   |   +---/nix/store/hjng28vbd73qq9iz9j8r397x19aa8fp9-libidn2-2.3.0 [...]
|   +---/nix/store/1ncwrl8bplq3xhmj8pxfkx4y0i90vmnx-glibc-2.30 [...]
+---/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10 [...]


$ nix-store -q --referrers `which hello`
/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10
/nix/store/mbd3a74yrg7qvlv5jqz9fss6lkqd314c-env-manifest.nix
/nix/store/x3asfl3l7zn7lnwkbz5iahs789zk9lx1-user-environment

Show all paths that depend on the same OpenSSL library as svn:

Afficher tous les chemins qui dépendent de la même bibliothèque OpenSSL que svn: 

$ nix-store -q --referrers $(nix-store -q --binding openssl $(nix-store -qd $(which svn)))
/nix/store/23ny9l9wixx21632y2wi4p585qhva1q8-sylpheed-1.0.0
/nix/store/5mbglq5ldqld8sj57273aljwkfvj22mc-subversion-1.1.4
/nix/store/dpmvp969yhdqs7lm2r1a3gng7pyq6vy4-subversion-1.1.3
/nix/store/l51240xqsgg8a7yrbqdx1rfzyv6l26fx-lynx-2.8.5

Pour un paquet non installé: 

$ nix-store --query --references $(nix-instantiate '<nixpkgs>' -A emacs)

Vérifier le store: 

$ nix-store --verify --check-contents
reading the Nix store...
checking path existence...
checking hashes...

Réparer le store: 

$ nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair

Il est parfois nécessaire de modifier le store manuellement: 

$ nix-store --add-fixed sha256 /path/to/file

Optimiser le store pour gagner en place: 

$ nix-store --optimise

Suppression d'une dérivation non désirée: 

$ nix-store --delete /nix/store/31icg8jxiyxkcmx8gwak3fvq9shi6fd8-hello-2.8
finding garbage collector roots...
removing stale link from '/nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto/8m1kkl216mxi8yn9pgn009838qil7mlv' to '/etc/nixos/result'
deleting '/nix/store/31icg8jxiyxkcmx8gwak3fvq9shi6fd8-hello-2.8'
deleting '/nix/store/trash'
deleting unused links...
note: currently hard linking saves -0.00 MiB
1 store paths deleted, 0.18 MiB freed

nix-collect-garbage

C'est un alias de nix-store –gc. 

$ nix-collect-garbage
...
deleting '/nix/store/gazpv90zhld15svbkbfi17nd182f63nm-webencodings-0.5.1.tar.gz.drv'
deleting '/nix/store/la6n976p7nmk9ijkjff2i040nc24knql-setenv-0.1.1.3-r1.cabal.drv'
deleting '/nix/store/g85ssgjv1i5djy8589444fhlyxnhnqcp-splitmix-0.0.3-r1.cabal.drv'
deleting '/nix/store/trash'
deleting unused links...
note: currently hard linking saves -0.00 MiB
2419 store paths deleted, 2308.54 MiB freed


$ nix-collect-garbage--delete-older-than 30d

nix-prefetch-url

$ nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/gigi206/salt/archive/742781c358d65c8849a6a6f5b8f4bb3dcefc203a.tar.gz             
unpacking...
[14.5 MiB DL]
path is '/nix/store/2l5az5rvkkavrr7zgghgqpmsqj3vn1yp-742781c358d65c8849a6a6f5b8f4bb3dcefc203a.tar.gz'
02cgs6b1rmh8hmcwm5wpxxg32p3km9c05606pykv49qq1spd6p38

nix

nix show-derivation

$ nix show-derivation '((import <nixpkgs> {}).hello)'
{
  "/nix/store/17abmzvc6qq1yhi01aac11jpznrnndqv-hello-2.10.drv": {
    "outputs": {
      "out": {
        "path": "/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10"
      }
    },
    "inputSrcs": [
      "/nix/store/9krlzvny65gdc8s7kpb6lkx8cd02c25b-default-builder.sh"
    ],
    "inputDrvs": {
      "/nix/store/7cipdvw2s5sz1px8x3hv41j40753969s-bash-4.4-p23.drv": [
        "out"
      ],
      "/nix/store/hzd53xaaqkh0jib90hv31ixjgxrlppi9-stdenv-linux.drv": [
        "out"
      ],
      "/nix/store/j5zjn5ymk44wyf27gfgfwgs4yj2pylnz-hello-2.10.tar.gz.drv": [
        "out"
      ]
    },
    "platform": "x86_64-linux",
    "builder": "/nix/store/1iaxkm0941nj1m4m5g4fxgg4cq5jckf0-bash-4.4-p23/bin/bash",
    "args": [
      "-e",
      "/nix/store/9krlzvny65gdc8s7kpb6lkx8cd02c25b-default-builder.sh"
    ],
    "env": {
      "buildInputs": "",
      "builder": "/nix/store/1iaxkm0941nj1m4m5g4fxgg4cq5jckf0-bash-4.4-p23/bin/bash",
      "configureFlags": "",
      "depsBuildBuild": "",
      "depsBuildBuildPropagated": "",
      "depsBuildTarget": "",
      "depsBuildTargetPropagated": "",
      "depsHostHost": "",
      "depsHostHostPropagated": "",
      "depsTargetTarget": "",
      "depsTargetTargetPropagated": "",
      "doCheck": "1",
      "doInstallCheck": "",
      "name": "hello-2.10",
      "nativeBuildInputs": "",
      "out": "/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10",
      "outputs": "out",
      "patches": "",
      "pname": "hello",
      "propagatedBuildInputs": "",
      "propagatedNativeBuildInputs": "",
      "src": "/nix/store/3x7dwzq014bblazs7kq20p9hyzz0qh8g-hello-2.10.tar.gz",
      "stdenv": "/nix/store/0w5454az7vwcq60yqvcsv8fs9q7r4zrx-stdenv-linux",
      "strictDeps": "",
      "system": "x86_64-linux",
      "version": "2.10"
    }
  }
}

nix run

$ nix run nixpkgs.hello --command hello

Equivalent à: 

$ nix-shell --pure -p hello --run hello


$ nix search hello

nix path-info

$ nix path-info --recursive --closure-size nixpkgs.hello  | sort --numeric-sort --key 2
/nix/store/mxaxvp33wg9sim8qh2kkw041v492bvxj-libunistring-0.9.10	    1634416
/nix/store/hjng28vbd73qq9iz9j8r397x19aa8fp9-libidn2-2.3.0      	    1857088
/nix/store/1ncwrl8bplq3xhmj8pxfkx4y0i90vmnx-glibc-2.30         	   32939352
/nix/store/77gczr7dc287sqdc13gi2zcpwl7960yz-hello-2.10         	   33145320


$ readlink -f $(which hello)

nix repl

$ nix repl '<nixpkgs>'
Welcome to Nix version 2.3.3. Type :? for help.

$ nix-repl> builtins.currentSystem
"x86_64-linux"


$ nix-repl> :l <nixpkgs>
nix-repl> simple = derivation { name = "simple"; builder = "${bash}/bin/bash"; args = [ ./simple_builder.sh ]; gcc = gcc; coreutils = coreutils; src = ./simple.c; system = builtins.currentSystem; }
nix-repl> :b simple
this derivation produced the following outputs: out -> /nix/store/ni66p4jfqksbmsl616llx3fbs1d232d4-simple

nix language

Nombres (int / float)

$ nix eval '(1 + 1)'


$ nix eval '(builtins.typeOf 1)'
"int"
$ nix eval '(builtins.typeOf 1.0)'
"float"

Chaines (string)

$ nix eval "(''
    line 1
      line 2
   line 3
'')"


$ nix eval '("a" + "b")'
"ab"

variables (let)

$ nix eval '(let a = 1; b = 2; in a + b)'
3
$ nix eval '(
    let foo = "Foo";
	bar = "Bar";
    in "${foo + bar} is a terrible name")'
"FooBar is a terrible name"

Conditions (if)

nix-repl> a = 3
nix-repl> b = 4
nix-repl> if a > b then "yes" else "no"
"no"

Fonctions (lambda)

$ nix eval '((a: a + 1) 2)'
3

Listes (list)

$ nix eval '([1 2] ++ [3 4])'
[ 1 2 3 4 ]

Set

$ nix eval '({ foo = 1; bar = 2; }.bar)'
2
$ nix eval '({ foo = 1; bar = 2; } // { bar = 3; baz = 4; })'
{ bar = 3; baz = 4; foo = 1; }
$ nix eval '(rec { foo = bar; bar = 2; }.foo)'
2
$ nix eval '(({ foo, bar }: foo + bar ) { foo = 1; bar = 2; })'
3
$ nix eval '(({ foo, ...}: foo + 2 ) { foo = 3; bar = 4; })'
5
$ nix eval '((s@{ foo, bar }: foo + s.bar ) { foo = 2; bar = 3; })
5
$ nix eval '(let a = 3; in { a = a; })'
{ a = 3; }
$ let a = 3; in { b = a; inherit a; })'
{ a = 3; b = 3; }

Chemains (path)

$ nix eval '(some/path)' 
/home/gigix/some/path
$ nix eval '(./some/path)'
/home/gigix/some/path
$ nix eval '(/some/path)' 
/some/path
$ nix eval '(<nixpkgs>)'
/home/gigix/.nix-defexpr/channels/nixpkgs

Imports

$ nix eval '(import <nixpkgs>)'   
<LAMBDA>

Restaurer le binaire nix (recovery)

$ nix-env -e '*'
uninstalling 'hello-2.10'
uninstalling 'nix-2.1.3'
[...]
$ ls -l /nix/store/*-nix-*/bin/nix-env                                
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 gigix gigix 3  1 janv.  1970 /nix/store/ddmmzn4ggz1f66lwxjy64n89864yj9w9-nix-2.3.3/bin/nix-env -> nix
$ /nix/store/ddmmzn4ggz1f66lwxjy64n89864yj9w9-nix-2.3.3/bin/nix-env -i /nix/store/ddmmzn4ggz1f66lwxjy64n89864yj9w9-nix-2.3.3/bin/nix-env

Dérivations

Simple dérivation

simple1.nix
with (import <nixpkgs> {});
derivation {
  name = "simple";
  builder = "${bash}/bin/bash";
  args = [ ./simple_builder.sh ];
  inherit gcc coreutils;
  src = ./simple.c;
  system = builtins.currentSystem;
}
simple2.nix
with (import <nixpkgs> {});
derivation {
  name = "hello";
  builder = "${bash}/bin/bash";
  args = [ ./hello_builder.sh ];
  inherit gnutar gzip gnumake gcc coreutils gawk gnused gnugrep;
  binutils = binutils-unwrapped;
  src = ./hello-2.10.tar.gz;
  system = builtins.currentSystem;
}

Créer un fichier de fonction autotools.nix:

autotools.nix
pkgs: attrs:
  with pkgs;
  let defaultAttrs = {
    builder = "${bash}/bin/bash";
    args = [ ./builder.sh ];
    baseInputs = [ gnutar gzip gnumake gcc binutils-unwrapped coreutils gawk gnused gnugrep ];
    buildInputs = [];
    system = builtins.currentSystem;
  };
  in
  derivation (defaultAttrs // attrs)
autotools.nix
pkgs: attrs:
  with pkgs;
  let defaultAttrs = {
    builder = "${bash}/bin/bash";
    args = [ ./builder.sh ];
    baseInputs = [ gnutar gzip gnumake gcc binutils-unwrapped coreutils gawk gnused gnugrep ];
    buildInputs = [];
    system = builtins.currentSystem;
  };
  in
  derivation (defaultAttrs // attrs)

nix-repl> { a = "b"; } // { c = "d"; }
{ a = "b"; c = "d"; }
nix-repl> { a = "b"; } // { a = "c"; }
{ a = "c"; }

hello.nix
let
  pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
  mkDerivation = import ./autotools.nix pkgs;
in mkDerivation {
  name = "hello";
  src = ./hello-2.10.tar.gz;
}

Override

$ nix-repl
nix-repl> :l <nixpkgs>
Added 4360 variables.
nix-repl> :b graphviz.override { xlibs = null; }


{
  packageOverrides = pkgs: {
    graphviz = pkgs.graphviz.override { xlibs = null; };
  };
}

buildInputs

$ nix-build exemple1.nix

exemple1.nix
let
 
  nixpkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
 
  inherit (nixpkgs) stdenv fetchurl which;
 
  actualHello = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "hello-2.3";
 
    src = fetchurl {
      url = mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.3.tar.bz2;
      sha256 = "0c7vijq8y68bpr7g6dh1gny0bff8qq81vnp4ch8pjzvg56wb3js1";
    };
  };
 
  wrappedHello = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "hello-wrapper";
 
    buildInputs = [ actualHello which ];
 
    unpackPhase = "true";
 
    installPhase = ''
      mkdir -p "$out/bin"
      echo "#! ${stdenv.shell}" >> "$out/bin/hello"
      echo "exec $(which hello)" >> "$out/bin/hello"
    '';
  };
 
in wrappedHell

propagatedBuildInputs

$ nix-build exemple2.nix

exemple2.nix
let
 
  nixpkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
 
  inherit (nixpkgs) stdenv fetchurl which;
 
  actualHello = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "hello-2.3";
 
    src = fetchurl {
      url = mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.3.tar.bz2;
      sha256 = "0c7vijq8y68bpr7g6dh1gny0bff8qq81vnp4ch8pjzvg56wb3js1";
    };
  };
 
  intermediary = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "middle-man";
 
    propagatedBuildInputs = [ actualHello ];
 
    unpackPhase = "true";
 
    installPhase = ''
      mkdir -p "$out"
    '';
  };
 
  wrappedHello = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "hello-wrapper";
 
    buildInputs = [ intermediary which ];
 
    unpackPhase = "true";
 
    installPhase = ''
      mkdir -p "$out/bin"
      echo "#! ${stdenv.shell}" >> "$out/bin/hello"
      echo "exec $(which hello)" >> "$out/bin/hello"
    '';
  };
 
in wrappedHello

shellHook

test.nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
 
stdenv.mkDerivation {
  name = "my-environment";
 
  buildInputs = [
    pkgs.figlet
    pkgs.lolcat
  ];
 
  # The '' quotes are 2 single quote characters
  # They are used for multi-line strings
  shellHook = ''
    figlet "Welcome!" | lolcat --freq 0.5
  '';
}

$ nix-shell test.nix
__        __   _                          _
\ \      / /__| | ___ ___  _ __ ___   ___| |
 \ \ /\ / / _ \ |/ __/ _ \| '_ ` _ \ / _ \ |
  \ V  V /  __/ | (_| (_) | | | | | |  __/_|
   \_/\_/ \___|_|\___\___/|_| |_| |_|\___(_)

tuto/nix.1583519214.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2020/03/06 18:26 de root